Yon-Ka Alpha-Complex

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15% Extracts (8% Pure AHA) Of Pineapple Extract, Passion Fruit Extract And Grape Extract⁹, Mimosa Tenuiflora Extract, Beech Buds Extract, Hyaluronic Acid¹, Vitamin B5³ And Aloe¹³ Vera. Water/Aqua, Lactic Acid⁷, Triethanolamine⁵, Urea⁴, Alcohol Denat.¹⁴, Glycolic Acid¹⁰, Citric Acid¹², Citrus Medica Limonum (Lemon)¹⁵ Extract, Propylene Glycol⁶, Passiflora Quadrangularis (Passionflower) Fruit Extract, Grape Extract, Ananas Sativus¹⁶ (Pineapple) Fruit Extract, Oleth-20, Hydroxyethylcellulose⁸, Salicylic Acid², Grapefruit Peel Oil, Pelargonium Graveolens(Geranium¹¹) Flower Oil, Limonene.

Ingredient	What it does
¹hyaluronic acid	A humectant moisturizer; proven to boost skin's moisture content, reduce inflammation, have cell-communicating abilitites & help prevent moisture loss
²salicylic acid	induces exfoliation in oily areas of skin; oil-soluble so can penetrate pores to exfoliate inside; prevents clogged pores; mildly anti-inflammatory; higher concentrations help fade post-acne marks
³vitamin B5	hydrating & wound-healing
⁴urea	Humectant moisturizer; improves penetration of other ingredients; minimizes water loss; speeds up skin renewal; adjusts pH of a product. If you're in the UK and looking for urea products, check the ingredient list for "carbamide" instead. It's the same thing.
⁵triethanolamine	adjusts pH; emulsifier; surfactant; masking fragrance; buffering agent
⁶propylene glycol	solvent; humectant; gives a product "slip"; helps "carry" other ingredients into the skin; also enhances the efficacy of preservatives
⁷lactic acid	the most moisturizing of AHAs; whitening astringent; exfoliant
⁸hydroxyethylcellulose	gelling & thickening agent
⁹grape extract	potent antioxidant with proven effects
¹⁰glycolic acid	Proven to reduce fine lines & wrinkles; hyperpigmentation; smooths, exfoliates & thickens skin; increases skin hydration & elasticity; good melasma treatment
¹¹geranium	the oil is antibacterial and used as a fragrance but can be irritating, the extract is an antioxidant
¹²citric acid	mainly used as a cleaning agent & preservative; pH adjuster; in higher concentration it's an AHA (in peels & antiaging products)
¹³aloe	emollient moisturizer with anti-inflammatory; antioxidant, & antibacterial qualities
¹⁴Alcohol Denat.	masking, solvent to dissolve things in a formula, viscosity controlling
¹⁵(lemon)	Lemon extract in skincare is a known skin sensitizer and irritant. It can have antibacterial properties but it’s incredibly irritating, as lemon juice has a pH of 2, which is very acidic and its use is linked with damage to your skin’s acid mantle. Lemon extract/juice/peel/oil does way more harm than good. Using lemon juice on your skin, or products containing lemon extract, lemon oil, lemon peel and even other citrus extracts and peel oils (like orange, mandarin, grapefruit, etc.) can cause brown discolorations and red rash looking irritation when you go out into the sun. This is a reaction known as phytophotodermatitis.
¹⁶ANANAS SATIVUS	chemical exfoliator from pineapples; also used as a texturizer; very little research on topical human applications. Pineapple extract has antibacterial properties