Aloe[1] Barbadensis Leaf Juice, Rubus Fruticosus[2] (Blackberry) Seed Oil, Niacinamide[3] (Vitamin B3), Water[4], Propanediol[5], Hydrolyzed Cucurbita Pepo (Pumpkin)[6] Seedcake, Dimethyl Sulfone[7] (MSM), Lecithin[8], Hydroxyethyl Acrylate / Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer, Polysorbate 20[9], Sodium Lactate[10], Phenoxyethanol[11], Caprylyl Glycol[12], Sorbic Acid.
Ingredient Analysis
2. ↑ black mulberry ( Rubus Fruticosus ) contains arbutin, but only limited in vitro studies support its usefulness for inhibiting melanin production. Further study is needed.
3. ↑ Niacinamide. Proven healing antioxidant; stimulates collagen; some UV protection; reduces hyperpigmentation; anti-inflammatory; anti-acne; anti-rosacea
5. ↑ propylene glycol ( Propanediol ) solvent; humectant; gives a product “slip”; helps “carry” other ingredients into the skin; also enhances the efficacy of preservatives; controls viscosity
