Dupes for Exuviance Vespera Bionic Serum

Lookfantastic.com	£15.00	Check price
Amazon.com	$52.99 3 new from $52.98	Check price
Lookfantastic.com	£49.00	Check price

1. ↑ solvents ( AQUA ) solvent

2. ↑ BUTYLENE GLYCOL. solvent; penetration enhancer; humectant moisturizer; in cleansing creams it dissolves dirt, avoids the product from drying too quickly during the removal stage & helps formulas spread better

3. ↑ ALGAE. marine compounds are emollient antioxidants; some claim to brighten skin; some are simply skin conditioners, known to be highly comedogenic, thickeners/emulsifiers in a product

4. ↑ GLYCERIN. A humectant moisturizer; usually used as a base in (light) moisturizers

5. ↑ GLUCONOLACTONE. serves as a skin conditioner/exfoliant (hydrolyses to Gluconic Acid) & chelator; also used as part of a preservative system

6. ↑ polyhydroxy acid ( LACTOBIONIC ACID ) antioxidant leave-on exfoliator similar to AHA; able to chelate metals; gentle & said to be great for sensitive skin

7. ↑ POLYSORBATE 80. Polysorbate 80 is used in skincare and cosmetics as a/an denaturating solution, emulsifying, cleansing surfactant ingredient.

8. ↑ TRIETHANOLAMINE. adjusts pH; emulsifier; surfactant; masking fragrance; buffering agent

9. ↑ MANDELIC ACID. antimicrobial; anti-inflammatory; AHA exfoliator; fades post-acne marks & sun damage

10. ↑ Amino Acids ( ARGININE ) Widely used in moisturizers and emollients because they are thought to help penetrate the skin; have water-binding, antioxidant and wound-healing abilities

11. ↑ Vitamin E ( TOCOPHERYL ) Antioxidant emollient & occlusive moisturizer with proven effects: protects the epidermis from early stages of ultraviolet light damage; increases the efficacy of active sunscreen ingredients; reduces the formation of free radicals upon skin exposure to UVA rays and other sources of skin stress; reduces transepidermal water loss from skin and strengthens the skin’s barrier function; protects the skin barrier’s oil (lipid) balance during the cleansing process; reduces the severity of sunburn; preservative (if at the end of the list)

12. ↑ CITRIC ACID. mainly used as a cleaning agent & preservative; pH adjuster; in higher concentration it’s an AHA (in peels & antiaging products)

13. ↑ VITAMIN C. an antioxidant proven to give you photoprotection by preventing oxidation & inflammation; boosts collagen production; can lighten hyperpigmentation if the concentration is high enough; also used as pH adjuster/buffering agent; fragrance ingredient

14. ↑ retinol ( VITAMIN A ) Proven antioxidant anti-wrinkle treatment; induces collagen synthesis, increases skin elasticity, smoother skin & skin lightening effects; treats hyperpigmentation

15. ↑ VITAMIN D. antioxidant, anti-inflammatory & immune-stimulating benefits for skin; active form helps control psoriasis

16. ↑ HYDROXYETHYLCELLULOSE. gelling & thickening agent

17. ↑ DISODIUM EDTA. preservative & product stabilizer; helps the topical penetration of active ingredients; chelating agent

18. ↑ PROPYLENE GLYCOL. solvent; humectant; gives a product “slip”; helps “carry” other ingredients into the skin; also enhances the efficacy of preservatives; controls viscosity

19. ↑ preservatives ( PHENOXYETHANOL ) Used as a preservative or enhances the efficacy of preservatives

20. ↑ CHLORPHENESIN. Chlorphenesin is used in skincare and cosmetics as a/an antimicrobial, preservative ingredient.

21. ↑ fragrance ( PARFUM ) Fragrance in skin care is like spraying perfume on your face. Smells nice, but potentially irritating and damaging to your skin’s acid mantle. Especially if these ingredients are high up on the ingredient list.