Murad Retinol Youth Renewal Serum

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Water, Cyclopentasiloxane²², Isopropyl Palmitate, C14-22 Alcohols³¹²⁶, Polymethylsilsesquioxane, Dimethicone, Propanediol, Glyceryl Stearate¹⁶, PEG-100 Stearate¹³, Shea Butter¹⁰ Ethyl Esters, Retinol¹², Hydroxypinacolone Retinoate¹⁵, Ceramide¹ NP, Sodium Hyaluronate², Solanum Lycopersicum³³ (Tomato) Fruit Extract, Swertia Chirata Extract, Squalane⁸, Punica Granatum Extract, Tocopheryl Acetate, Glycine¹⁷ Soja (Soybean) Extract, Urea⁴, Yeast³ Amino Acids²⁹, Trehalose⁵, Inositol, Taurine, Betaine²⁸, Glycerin¹⁸, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride²⁵, Dimethyl Isosorbide, Silica¹¹, Ethylhexyl Palmitate²⁰, Silica Dimethyl Silylate, Butylene Glycol²⁷, Lecithin¹⁴, Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP Copolymer³⁴³⁰, C12-20 Alkyl Glucoside, Cetyl Palmitate²⁴, Laureth-23, Polysorbate 20, Trideceth-6 Phosphate, Synthetic Fluorphlogopite⁷, Phenoxyethanol, Ethylhexylglycerin, Chlorphenesin, Disodium EDTA²¹, Sodium Hydroxide, Tris(Tetramethylhydroxypiperidinol) Citrate⁶, Sodium Benzotriazolyl Butylphenol Sulfonate⁹, CI 77891³⁵, Red 4 (CI 14700), Alpha-Isomethyl Ionone³², Citronellol²³, Fragrance¹⁹.

Ingredient	What it does
¹ceramide	can help restore the skin's barrier system; improves texture, reduces topical irritation, restores moisture
²sodium hyaluronate	A humectant moisturizer; proven to boost skin's moisture content, reduce inflammation, have cell-communicating abilitites & help prevent moisture loss
³Yeast	moisturizing
⁴urea	Humectant moisturizer; improves penetration of other ingredients; minimizes water loss; speeds up skin renewal; adjusts pH of a product. If you're in the UK and looking for urea products, check the ingredient list for "carbamide" instead. It's the same thing.
⁵trehalose	humectant moisturizer; skin-repairing ingredient
⁶Tris(tetramethylhydroxypiperidinol) citrate	UV absorbing (for the product), antistatic, dispersing and emulsifying ingredient
⁷Synthetic Fluorphlogopite	functions as a bulking agent and a watery viscosity increasing agent
⁸squalane	light emollient veg oil, can be antibacterial & moisturizing; might break out some people
⁹Sodium Benzotriazolyl Butylphenol Sulfonate	a solid, stable Amino sulfonic acid surfactant with excellent UV absorbing, emulsifying, antistatic, dispersing abilities.
¹⁰shea butter	emollient & occlusive anti-inflammatory moisturizer; contains allantoin, phytosterols, fatty acids & vitamins A,D&E BUT may break out some people due to its richness
¹¹silica	Absorbent powder & thickening agent; gives products that "dry-touch" feel; silica is a main component of collagen
¹²retinol	Proven antioxidant anti-wrinkle treatment; induces collagen synthesis, increases skin elasticity, smoother skin & skin lightening effects; treats hyperpigmentation
¹³PEG-100 Stearate	a moisturizing emollient & emulsifier
¹⁴lecithin	moisturizing phospholipid; emulsifies & thickens a product; water-binder; mild preservative; penetrates skin well so is a great ingredient others can "piggyback on" into your skin
¹⁵Hydroxypinacolone Retinoate	a retinoic acid ester that is said to be gentler on skin than using retinol; has promise but there isn't a compelling amount of data evaluating its effectiveness, or comparing it to other forms of retinol. The claims on this ingredient can be sourced to the brand that manufactures it, and their study was conducted on just five people.
¹⁶glyceryl stearate	self-emulsifying emollient & thickening agent, the higher up an ingredient list it is, the thicker the formula
¹⁷glycine	buffering agent; keeps skin moist; said to relieve itching
¹⁸Glycerin	A humectant moisturizer; usually used as a base in (light) moisturizers
¹⁹fragrance	Fragrance in skin care is like spraying perfume on your face. Smells nice, but potentially irritating and damaging to your skin's acid mantle. Especially if these ingredients are high up on the ingredient list.
²⁰Ethylhexyl Palmitate	emollient; solvent; fragrance
²¹disodium EDTA	preservative & product stabilizer; helps the topical penetration of active ingredients; chelating agent
²²Cyclopentasiloxane	Silicone; makes stuff easily spreadable; used as a conditioner, delivery agent, lubricant & solvent. Helps deliver other, heavier, silicones also in a product (like dimethicone)
²³Citronellol	fragrance
²⁴Cetyl Palmitate	emollient moisturizing, masks the scent of other ingredients in a formula , moisturizing
²⁵Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride	Coconut derived emollient moisturizer, sometimes used as a thickener. Rich in fatty acids that replenish skin; has a silky, dry oil feel
²⁶C14-22 Alcohols	a mix of fatty alcohols used as an emulsion stabilizer
²⁷butylene glycol	solvent; penetration enhancer; humectant moisturizer; in cleansing creams it dissolves dirt, avoids the product from drying too quickly during the removal stage & helps formulas spread better
²⁸betaine	a humectant moisturizer; can enhance the texture and height of foam
²⁹Amino Acids	Widely used in moisturizers and emollients because they are thought to help penetrate the skin; have water-binding, antioxidant and wound-healing abilities
³⁰Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/Vp Copolymer	viscosity controlling
³¹alcohols	antiseptic solvent; dissolves oil; can be irritating & drying; sometimes used as a preservative
³²Alpha-Isomethyl Ionone	fragrance; conditioning
³³Solanum Lycopersicum	Used as an astringent; can be irritating
³⁴Acryloyldimethyltaurate/Vp Copolymer	emulsion stabilizer & hydrophilic thickener
³⁵CI 77891	A broad-spectrum SPF sunscreen; sometimes used as a pigment & for its opacity