Murad Essential-C Toner

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Last Amazon price update was: December 2, 2020 7:32 am

Water (Aqua), Hamamelis²⁷ Virginiana (Witch Hazel¹) Distillate, Butylene Glycol¹⁹, Sodium PCA⁵, Betaine²⁰, Sorbitol³, Glycine¹⁴, Alanine²⁴, Proline⁷, Serine, Threonine, Arginine²¹, Lysine¹², Glutamic Acid¹⁵, Lysine Lauroyl Methionate, Rice Amino Acids²³⁶, Zinc Aspartate², Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate, PEG-12 Dimethicone¹⁰, Phospholipids⁸, Tocopheryl Acetate, Retinyl Palmitate, Ascorbyl Palmitate²², Chitosan²⁵ Ascorbate, Citrus Aurantium Amara (Bitter Orange) Flower Extract, Echinacea¹⁶ Purpurea Extract, Citrus Aurantium Dulcis²⁶ (Orange) Fruit Extract, Sodium Polyaspartate⁴, PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil¹³⁹, Benzophenone4, Disodium EDTA¹⁷, Citric Acid¹⁸, Polyquaternium-4, Phenoxyethanol, Methylparaben, Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Oil, Citrus Nobilis (Mandarin¹¹ Orange) Peel Oil, Ocimum Basilicum (Basil) Oil, Grapefruit Peel Oil, Ferula Galbaniflua (Galbanum) Resin Oil, Green 3 (CI 42053)

Ingredient	What it does
¹witch hazel	fragrant astringent; antioxidant & anti-irritant properties (some forms can be irritating, click to read why)
²Zinc Aspartate	moisturizing
³sorbitol	a humectant moisturizer; product thickener; similar to glycerin with a gel-like consistency; creates a slippery feel
⁴sodium polyaspartate	hair conditioner & humectant skin conditioner
⁵sodium PCA	Humectant moisturizer
⁶Rice Amino Acids	moisturizer
⁷Proline	moisturizer
⁸phospholipids	emollient moisturizers
⁹Peg-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil	emulsifier; surfactant
¹⁰Peg-12 Dimethicone	moisturizer
¹¹mandarin	fragrant skin irritant; no topical benefits
¹²Lysine	anti-static moisturizer
¹³hydrogenated castor oil	used as an oily base ingredient; with PEG it's a non-ionic surfactant and is used as a solubilizer for essential oils.
¹⁴glycine	buffering agent; keeps skin moist; said to relieve itching
¹⁵glutamic acid	humectant anti-static hair conditioner
¹⁶Echinacea	soothing properties
¹⁷disodium EDTA	preservative & product stabilizer; helps the topical penetration of active ingredients; chelating agent
¹⁸citric acid	mainly used as a cleaning agent & preservative; pH adjuster; in higher concentration it's an AHA (in peels & antiaging products)
¹⁹butylene glycol	solvent; penetration enhancer; humectant moisturizer; in cleansing creams it dissolves dirt, avoids the product from drying too quickly during the removal stage & helps formulas spread better
²⁰betaine	a humectant moisturizer; can enhance the texture and height of foam
²¹arginine	antioxidant amino acid; may be helpful in wound healing; also skin & hair conditioner
²²ascorbyl palmitate	A moisturizing vitamin C ester, fat/lipid soluble, antioxidant and preservative
²³Amino Acids	Widely used in moisturizers and emollients because they are thought to help penetrate the skin; have water-binding, antioxidant and wound-healing abilities
²⁴alanine	may have water-binding, antioxidant properties
²⁵chitosan	wound-healer; exfoliator; shown to lighten hyperpigmentation
²⁶Citrus aurantium dulcis	fragrant skin irritant; no topical benefits
²⁷Hamamelis	fragrant astringent; antioxidant & anti-irritant properties (some forms can be irritating, click to read why)